Creator and reuse
Paulo Cortez
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Student achievement records from two Portuguese schools with demographic, social, school, and grade attributes.
Paulo Cortez
Review the provider license or terms before reuse.
Inspect missing values, verify target availability, remove leakage and identifiers, split before fitting transformations, and choose metrics that fit the intended decision.
Confirm row meaning, duplicates, impossible values, category spelling, target balance, and whether the sample represents the population where the model will be used.
Use random holdout only when rows are independent. Prefer grouped, temporal, or geographic splits when related observations could cross the boundary.
Forecasting Students' Academic Performance in Educational Data Using Machine Learning Techniques (2026), International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education.
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