Dataset reference

Student Performance

Student achievement records from two Portuguese schools with demographic, social, school, and grade attributes.

Dataset overview

Rows649
Features30+
TaskRegression / classification
TargetG3

Before training

Inspect missing values, verify target availability, remove leakage and identifiers, split before fitting transformations, and choose metrics that fit the intended decision.

Data quality checks

Confirm row meaning, duplicates, impossible values, category spelling, target balance, and whether the sample represents the population where the model will be used.

Validation planning

Use random holdout only when rows are independent. Prefer grouped, temporal, or geographic splits when related observations could cross the boundary.

Peer-reviewed reference

Research context

Forecasting Students' Academic Performance in Educational Data Using Machine Learning Techniques (2026), International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education.

Open journal article

From data to a tested model